O status ecológico das comunidades de fungos coprófilos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29215/pecen.v1i2.452Resumo
Buscamos discutir o status ecológico das comunidades de fungos coprófilos lato sensu, apresentando pontos chave para a formulação de hipóteses e futuros estudos que visem entender os fatores ecológicos que modulam a escolha da vida coprófila por estes fungos. Apresentamos um novo termo (copromicodiversidade), que melhor designa a amplitude do grupo, considerando a total abrangência do mesmo, incluindo a diversidade morfológica, funcional e ecológica de uma dada população de fungos coprófilos registrados em uma região geográfica específica. Além disso, levantamos questões relacionadas ao ciclo de vida destes organismos, considerando recentes estudos bem como a premissa tradicionalmente aceita que defende a necessidade dos esporos de fungos coprófilos passarem pelo trato digestivo dos animais, para sua posterior emergência nas fezes. Esperamos que futuras pesquisas possam melhor definir estas comunidades, evitando incertezas sobre a definição do estilo de vida coprófilo, mesmo que algumas espécies possam crescer em outros substratos (fimícolas), mas ainda apresentando relações com hospedeiros animais (coprofilia). Enquanto esperamos por direções futuras, novas hipóteses devem ser planejadas e testadas visando os aspectos que verdadeiramente modulam a ocorrência de fungos coprófilos em diferentes ambientes.
Palavras chave: Copromicodiversidade, ecologia fúngica, escolha de substratos, fungos de esterco.
The ecological status of coprophilous fungi communities
Abstract: We discuss the ecological status of coprophilous fungi communities lato sensu, presenting key points to the definition of scientific hypothesis and future studies aiming to understand the ecological factors that modulate the coprophilous lifestyle’s choice by these fungi. We present a new scientific term (copromycodiversity) that better describes the magnitude of this group, considering the comprehensiveness of this fungal group, including the morphological, physiological and ecological diversities to a coprophilous fungi population recorded to a specific geographical region. Furthermore, we raised some questions related to the life cycle of these fungi, taking into account recent studies as well as the traditionally accepted assumption that supports the spore passage through animals’s gut to its growth and development on dung. We expect that future research would best define these communities, avoiding uncertainties about the definition of the coprophilous lifestyle, even that some species would growth on others substrates (fimicolous fungi), but still displaying some connection with its animal host (coprophilia). While we are waiting for future directions, new hypothesis must be planned and tested aiming the predictors that truly modulates the occurrence of coprophilous fungi in different environments.
Key words: Copromycodiversity, dung fungi, fungal ecology, substrate choice.
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