Air temperature and urban emissions in an industrial region of São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this research is the analysis of the relationship between air temperature and vehicles CO2 emissions in ABC Paulista urban area, located in the southeast of São Paulo Metropolitan Region. Beside, the temperature projections from two IPCC climatic models were analyzed. The air temperature data in the hourly and monthly time scale were used to identify the intensity of the heat islands. Estimation of vehicular emissions was performed using the EMME traffic simulation model. The results showed that the areas with the highest temperatures are in the northern sector of ABC Paulista, indicating a heat island of medium intensity (3.6 °C). This sector also stood out as the one with the highest CO2 road emission (ton/km) because it presents the most extensive and busiest traffic routes. The climate model projections, despite the uncertainties, indicated a scenario of warmer days and nights, with a rise of 6.3 °C in the maximum annual temperature for the period 2071-2100. The analysis of the geographic distribution of areas with high temperature and high CO2 emissions indicate a contribution of urban traffic emissions to the elevation in air temperature in ABC Paulista, which tends to increase based on IPCC model projection.
Downloads
References
CETESB; 2016. Qualidade do ar no estado de São Paulo 2015. São Paulo, CETESB, 165 p.: il. color.
Ccoyllo, O.R.S.; Andrade, M.F. 2002. The influence of meteorological conditions on the behavior of pollution concentration in São Paulo, Brazil. Environmental Pollution, 116(2) 257-263.
Dee, D.P. et al., 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137(656) 553-597.
CIGABC; 2016 1º Inventário Regional. Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa do Grande ABC. Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC, ICLEI. – Santo André.
Duarte, L.H.K. Paiva, H. 2013. Inventário de emissões por fontes móveis em cidades de pequeno e médio porte. In: Tobias, M.S.G. e Lima, A.C.M. Urbanização & Meio Ambiente. Belém. Unama – Universidade da Amazônia. 451-436p.
Freitas, E.D.; Silva Dias, P.L; Rozoff, C.M; Cotton, W.R. 2007. Interactions of an urban heat island and sea-breeze circulations during winter over the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 122(1) 43-65.
IPEA e ANTP. 1998. Redução das deseconomias urbanas com a melhoria do transporte público. Relatório síntese. Instituto de pesquisa econômica aplicada e associação nacional de transportes públicos. Brasília, Brasil.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC. 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
Lombardo, M.A. 1985. Ilhas de calor nas metrópoles: o exemplo de São Paulo. Hucitec, São Paulo, 244p.
Martins, L.D.; Andrade, M.F. 2008. Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds and Ozone Sensitivity to Their Emission in the Megacity of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 195(1-4) 201-213.
Oke, T. R. 1987. Street design and urban canopy layer climate. Energy and Buildings, 11(1-3) 103-113.
Paiva. H.; 2017. Mudanças Climáticas e Inventários Regionais de Emissões. 21º Congresso Brasileiro de Transporte e Trânsito. Associação Nacional de Transportes Públicos. São Paulo.
Porangaba, G.F.O; Teixeira, D.C.F; Amorim, M.C. 2017. Procedimentos Metodológicos para análise das ilhas de calor em cidades de pequeno e médio porte. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 21(13) 225-247.
Randall, D.A. et al. 2007. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
SISTRAN Engenharia INECO e INECO do Brasil; 2014. Estudo Comparativo de Tecnologias Veiculares de Tração Aplicáveis a Ônibus Urbanos. Série Cadernos Técnicos. Volume 15. São Paulo. ANTP, 88p.
Stull, R.B. 1988. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston and London, 666p.
Vasconcellos, J.S.; Souza, L.C.L.; Teixeira, B.A. 2013. Comportamento térmico em uma fração urbana no município de São Carlos. In: IV Congresso Brasileiro de Gestão Ambiental, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
