Control of Aspergillus flavus in wheat grains using Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil
Abstract
Fungi are one of the main food spoilage agents. Numerous species when subjected to stress conditions produce secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances. The fungus Aspergillus flavus is one of the main contaminants of grains and is known to produce Aflatoxin. Pesticides are used in agriculture to contain fungi and other pests, but they harm other species, the environment and the human health, in addition to the development of resistance to these substances in pest species. Natural alternatives have been sought to control these organisms. In this context, essential oils are a viable option against A. flavus. The aim of this study was to identify the main components and evaluate the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) for controlling the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Initially, the effect of essential oil on mycelial growth of the fungus was assessed by in vitro tests at the doses: 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.6; 3.2; 6.4; and 12.8 μL mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.8 μL mL-1. The in vivo test was performed at the following concentrations: 0.6; 0.8; and 1.6 μL mL-1. The results showed that the essential oil has fungicidal potential against A. flavus. The main component of the essential oil was citral.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Achar, P. N., Quyen, P., Adukwu, E. C., Sharma, A., Msimanga, H. Z., Nagaraja, H., & Sreenivasa, M. Y. (2020). Investigation of the Antifungal and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Potential of Plant-Based Essential Oils against Aspergillus flavus in Peanuts. Journal of Fungi, 6(4), 383. doi: 10.3390/jof6040383
Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Vol. 456). Carol Stream, IL: Allured publishing corporation.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils–a review. Food and chemical toxicology, 46(2), 446-475. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
Chao, S. C., Young, D. G., & Oberg, C. J. (2000). Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. Journal of essential oil research, 12(5), 639-649. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9712177
Choi, H. S. (2003). Character impact odorants of Citrus Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov× C. sinensis Osbeck)× C. reticulata Blanco] cold-pressed peel oil. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(9), 2687-2692. doi: 10.1021/jf021069o
Billerbeck, V. G., Roques, C. G., Bessière, J. M., Fonvieille, J. L., & Dargent, R. (2001). Effects of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger. Canadian journal of microbiology, 47(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1139/w00-117
Morais, L. A. S., Ramos, N. P., Gonçalves, G. G., Bettiol, W., & Chaves, F. C. M. (2008). Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais em sementes de feijão cv. Carioquinha. In Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental-Artigo em anais de congresso (ALICE). In: Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, 48., 2008, Maringá. Resumos... Maringá: Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, 2008. p. S6261-S6266
Dellavalle, P. D., Cabrera, A., Alem, D., Larrañaga, P., Ferreira, F., & Rizza, M. D. (2011). Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts against phytopathogenic fungus. Alternaria spp. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 71(2), 231-239. doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392011000200008
Ferreira, D. F. (2014). Sisvar: a Guide for its Bootstrap procedures in multiple comparisons. Ciência e agrotecnologia, 38(2), 109-112. doi: 10.1590/S1413-70542014000200001.
Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie open, 4, 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.004
Lanças, F. M. (2009). A Cromatografia Líquida Moderna e a Espectrometria de Massas: finalmente “compatíveis”. Scientia chromatographica, 1(2), 35-61.
Lee, L. T., Garcia, S. A., Martinazzo, A. P., & Teodoro, C. E. S. (2020). Fungitoxity and chemical composition of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) on Aspergillus flavus. Research, Society and Development, 9(8), e202985628. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5628
Liu, Q., Li, X., Wu, R., Xiao, X., & Xing, F. (2021). Development of an on-spot and rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay for Aspergillus flavus detection in grains. Food Control, 125, 107957 doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107957
López-Malo, A., Alzamora, S. M., & Palou, E. (2002). Aspergillus flavus dose–response curves to selected natural and synthetic antimicrobials. International journal of food microbiology, 73(2-3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00639-0
Lorenzi, H. (2008). Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas e tóxicas.
Luo, M., Jiang, L. K., Huang, Y. X., Xiao, M., Li, B., & Zou, G. L. (2004). Effects of citral on Aspergillus flavus spores by quasi-elastic light scattering and multiplex microanalysis techniques. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 36(4), 277-283. doi: 10.1093/abbs/36.4.277
Martinazzo, A. P., de Oliveira, F. D. S., & de Souza Teodoro, C. E. (2019). Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against Aspergillus flavus. Ciência e Natura, 41(20): 1-8. doi: 10.5902/2179460X36055
Munda, S., Dutta, S., Pandey, S. K., Sarma, N., & Lal, M. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants of the North east India: A biodiversity hot spot. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(1), 105-119. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2019.1601032
Pandey, A. K., Rai, M. K., & Acharya, D. (2003). Chemical composition and antimycotic activity of the essential oils of corn mint (Mentha arvensis) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) against human pathogenic fungi. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(6), 421-425. doi: 10.1076/phbi.41.6.421.17825
Rojek, K., Serefko, A., Poleszak, E., Szopa, A., Wróbel, A., Guz, M., ... & Skalicka-Woźniak, K. (2021). Neurobehavioral properties of Cymbopogon essential oils and its components. Phytochemistry Reviews, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11101-020-09734-0
Simões, C.M.O. E Spitzer, V. Óleos Voláteis. In: Simões, C.M.O.; Schenkel, E.P.; Gosmann,G.; Mello, J.C.P.; Mentz, L.A.; Petrovick, P.R. Farmacognosia: Da Planta ao Medicamento. 5 ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2003. cap. 18, p. 467-495.
Tatsadjieu, N. L., Yaouba, A., Nukenine, E. N., Ngassoum, M. B., & Mbofung, C. M. F. (2010). Comparative study of the simultaneous action of three essential oils on Aspergillus flavus and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Food control, 21(2), 186-190. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.05.004
Tian, F., Lee, S. Y., Woo, S. Y., Choi, H. Y., Heo, S., Nah, G., & Chun, H. S. (2021). Transcriptomic responses of Aspergillus flavus to temperature and oxidative stresses during aflatoxin production. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82488-7
Xu, D., Wei, M., Peng, S., Mo, H., Huang, L., Yao, L., & Hu, L. (2021). Cuminaldehyde in cumin essential oils prevents the growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus in peanuts. Food Control, 125(July) 107985. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107985
Zahra, A. A., Hartati, R., & Fidrianny, I. (2020). Review of the Chemical Properties, Pharmacological Properties, and Development Studies of Cymbopogon sp. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10341-10350. doi: 10.33263/BRIAC113.1034110350
Zhang, H., Chen, F., Wang, X., & Yao, H. Y. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents. Food Research International, 39(8), 833-839. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2006.03.007
Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Vol. 456). Carol Stream, IL: Allured publishing corporation.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils–a review. Food and chemical toxicology, 46(2), 446-475. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
Chao, S. C., Young, D. G., & Oberg, C. J. (2000). Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. Journal of essential oil research, 12(5), 639-649. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9712177
Choi, H. S. (2003). Character impact odorants of Citrus Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov× C. sinensis Osbeck)× C. reticulata Blanco] cold-pressed peel oil. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(9), 2687-2692. doi: 10.1021/jf021069o
Billerbeck, V. G., Roques, C. G., Bessière, J. M., Fonvieille, J. L., & Dargent, R. (2001). Effects of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger. Canadian journal of microbiology, 47(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1139/w00-117
Morais, L. A. S., Ramos, N. P., Gonçalves, G. G., Bettiol, W., & Chaves, F. C. M. (2008). Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais em sementes de feijão cv. Carioquinha. In Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental-Artigo em anais de congresso (ALICE). In: Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, 48., 2008, Maringá. Resumos... Maringá: Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, 2008. p. S6261-S6266
Dellavalle, P. D., Cabrera, A., Alem, D., Larrañaga, P., Ferreira, F., & Rizza, M. D. (2011). Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts against phytopathogenic fungus. Alternaria spp. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 71(2), 231-239. doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392011000200008
Ferreira, D. F. (2014). Sisvar: a Guide for its Bootstrap procedures in multiple comparisons. Ciência e agrotecnologia, 38(2), 109-112. doi: 10.1590/S1413-70542014000200001.
Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie open, 4, 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.004
Lanças, F. M. (2009). A Cromatografia Líquida Moderna e a Espectrometria de Massas: finalmente “compatíveis”. Scientia chromatographica, 1(2), 35-61.
Lee, L. T., Garcia, S. A., Martinazzo, A. P., & Teodoro, C. E. S. (2020). Fungitoxity and chemical composition of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) on Aspergillus flavus. Research, Society and Development, 9(8), e202985628. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5628
Liu, Q., Li, X., Wu, R., Xiao, X., & Xing, F. (2021). Development of an on-spot and rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay for Aspergillus flavus detection in grains. Food Control, 125, 107957 doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107957
López-Malo, A., Alzamora, S. M., & Palou, E. (2002). Aspergillus flavus dose–response curves to selected natural and synthetic antimicrobials. International journal of food microbiology, 73(2-3), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00639-0
Lorenzi, H. (2008). Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas e tóxicas.
Luo, M., Jiang, L. K., Huang, Y. X., Xiao, M., Li, B., & Zou, G. L. (2004). Effects of citral on Aspergillus flavus spores by quasi-elastic light scattering and multiplex microanalysis techniques. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 36(4), 277-283. doi: 10.1093/abbs/36.4.277
Martinazzo, A. P., de Oliveira, F. D. S., & de Souza Teodoro, C. E. (2019). Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against Aspergillus flavus. Ciência e Natura, 41(20): 1-8. doi: 10.5902/2179460X36055
Munda, S., Dutta, S., Pandey, S. K., Sarma, N., & Lal, M. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants of the North east India: A biodiversity hot spot. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(1), 105-119. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2019.1601032
Pandey, A. K., Rai, M. K., & Acharya, D. (2003). Chemical composition and antimycotic activity of the essential oils of corn mint (Mentha arvensis) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) against human pathogenic fungi. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(6), 421-425. doi: 10.1076/phbi.41.6.421.17825
Rojek, K., Serefko, A., Poleszak, E., Szopa, A., Wróbel, A., Guz, M., ... & Skalicka-Woźniak, K. (2021). Neurobehavioral properties of Cymbopogon essential oils and its components. Phytochemistry Reviews, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11101-020-09734-0
Simões, C.M.O. E Spitzer, V. Óleos Voláteis. In: Simões, C.M.O.; Schenkel, E.P.; Gosmann,G.; Mello, J.C.P.; Mentz, L.A.; Petrovick, P.R. Farmacognosia: Da Planta ao Medicamento. 5 ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2003. cap. 18, p. 467-495.
Tatsadjieu, N. L., Yaouba, A., Nukenine, E. N., Ngassoum, M. B., & Mbofung, C. M. F. (2010). Comparative study of the simultaneous action of three essential oils on Aspergillus flavus and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Food control, 21(2), 186-190. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.05.004
Tian, F., Lee, S. Y., Woo, S. Y., Choi, H. Y., Heo, S., Nah, G., & Chun, H. S. (2021). Transcriptomic responses of Aspergillus flavus to temperature and oxidative stresses during aflatoxin production. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82488-7
Xu, D., Wei, M., Peng, S., Mo, H., Huang, L., Yao, L., & Hu, L. (2021). Cuminaldehyde in cumin essential oils prevents the growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus in peanuts. Food Control, 125(July) 107985. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107985
Zahra, A. A., Hartati, R., & Fidrianny, I. (2020). Review of the Chemical Properties, Pharmacological Properties, and Development Studies of Cymbopogon sp. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10341-10350. doi: 10.33263/BRIAC113.1034110350
Zhang, H., Chen, F., Wang, X., & Yao, H. Y. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents. Food Research International, 39(8), 833-839. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2006.03.007
Published
2021-09-30
How to Cite
LEE, Lundoi Tobias et al.
Control of Aspergillus flavus in wheat grains using Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil.
Acta Brasiliensis, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 92-96, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2526-4338.
Available at: <http://revistas.ufcg.edu.br/actabra/index.php/actabra/article/view/528>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338528.
Section
Microbiology
