Phytochemical screening and evaluation of phytotoxic activity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) ripe fruit
Abstract
The Solanum lycocarpum species, belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as the wolf fruit and is used in folk medicine for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cholesterol reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract from the ripe fruit of S. lycocarpum to verify the presence of the main groups of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the phytotoxic effect on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seeds. The fruits of S. lycocarpum were collected, crushed and percolated with anhydrous ethanol and the solvent was dried in a rotatory evaporator to obtain the ethanol extract. In the phytotoxicity evaluation, the results showed that the ethanol extract was able to completely inhibit the growth of hypocotyl and radicle of L. sativa (lettuce) seeds in all concentrations tested. In A. cepa (onion) seeds, a concentration of 500 μg per plate was able to inhibit the growth of the hypocotyl and radicle by 100%. The metabolites detected in the extract were alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The phytotoxic activity can be correlated to the presence of these compounds.
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References
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Oliveira, S. C. C., Gualtieri, S. C. J., Domíngues, F. A. M., Molinillo, J. M. G., & Montoya, R. V. (2012). Phytochemistry of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. -Hil. (Solanaceae) leaves and their application in allelopathy. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 26(3), 607-618. doi: 10.1590/S0102-33062012000300010
Pereira, T. M., Silva, V. C. B., Ribeiro Neto, J. A., Alves, S. N., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2014). Larvicidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of the green fruits of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) against the vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 47(5), 646-648. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0010-2014
Pinto, M. E. A., Silva, N. L., Siqueira, E. P., Santos, F. J. L., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2013) Allelopathic effect of fatty acid methyl esters from corn and sunflower oils. Biochemistry and Biotechnology Reports, 2(1), 44-48. doi: 10.5433/2316-5200.2013v2n1p44
Rice, E. L. (1984). Allelopathy. Orlando: Academic Press.
Sanchez-Moreiras, A. M., de la Peña, T. C., & Reigosa, M. J. (2018). The natural compound benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one selectively retards cell cycle in lettuce root meristems. Phytochemistry, 69(11), 2172-2179. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.014
Silva, N. L. A., Miranda, F. A. A., & Conceição, G. M. (2010). Triagem Fitoquímica de Plantas de Cerrado, da Área de Proteção Ambiental Municipal do Inhamum, Caxias, Maranhão. Scientia Plena, 6(2), 1-17. http://https://www.scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/22
Silva, V. C. B., Ribeiro Neto, J. A., Alves, S. N., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2015). Larvicidal activity of the oils, fatty acids, and methyl esters from ripe and unripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) against the vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 48(5), 610-613. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0049-2015
Silva, V. C. B., Amado, P. A., Siqueira, E. P., Alves, S. N., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2018). Antioxidant and allelopathic potential of oils, fatty acids, and methyl esters from fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae). In: I. S. Rocha (Orgs.), Solanaceae: Cultivation, Nutrition and Health (Cap. 4, pp. 79-94). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Silva, I. C. A., Fonseca, J. C., Coimbra, M. C., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2019). Total phenol and total flavonoid content, antioxidant and allelopathic activities of extracts of the unripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum. Periódico Tchê Química, 16(31), 390-397. http://www.deboni.he.com.br/Periodico31.pdf
Soares, G. L. G., Scalon, V. R., Pereira, T. O., & Vieira, D. A. (2002). Potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas de algumas leguminosas arbóreas brasileiras. Floresta e Ambiente, 9, 119-126. http://https://www.floram.org/article/588e21ffe710ab87018b45e3
Tonelli, F. M. P., Siqueira, J. M., Maia, G. A. S., Soares, L. F., Silva, D. B., Carollo, C. A., & Sartori, A. L. B. (2014). Bioautography as a search tool to identify the allelopathic compounds in Virola sebifera. Allelopathy Journal, 33(2), 277-288. https://eurekamag.com/research/066/284/066284201.php
Willis, R. J. (2007). The History of Allelopathy. Netherlands: Springer.
Yamagushi, M. Q., Gusman, G. S., & Vestena, S. (2011). Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globules Labill. and of Casearia sylvestris Sw. on crops. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 32(4), 1361-1374. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2011
Alvarenga, E. S., Barbosa, L. C. A., Saliba, W. A., Arantes, F. F. P., Demuner, A. J., & Silva, A. A. (2009). Synthesis and evaluation of the phytotoxic activity of α-Santonin derivatives. Química Nova, 32(2), 401-406. doi: 10.1590/S0100-40422009000200025
Bahia, J. P., Silva, V. C. B., Morais, M. G., Costa, G. A. F., Ferreira, J. M. S., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2018). Total phenolic and total flavonoid content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and allelopathic activities of the methanol extract and fractions from Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae). In: I. S. Rocha (Orgs.), Solanaceae: Cultivation, Nutrition and Health (Cap. 3, pp. 63-78). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Chiavegatto, R. B., Chaves, A. L. A., Silva, I. C. A., Lima, L. A. R. S., & Techio, V. H. (2017). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Solanum lycocarpum St. -Hil (Solanaceae) on the cell cycle of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 39(2), 201-210. doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v39i2.34082
Dall’Agnol, R., & Von Poser, G. L. (2000). The use of complex polysaccharides in the management of metabolic diseases: the case of Solanum lycocarpum fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 337-341. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00165-3
Matos, F. J. A. (2009). Introdução à fitoquímica experimental (2a ed.). Ceará: Edições UFC.
Matsumoto, R. S., Ribeiro, J. P. N., Takao, L. K., & Lima, M. I. S. (2010). Allelopathic potential of leaf extract of Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica, 24(3), 631-635. doi: 10.1590/S0102-33062010000300005
Morais, M. G., Silva, V. C. B., Oliveira, G. T., Ferreira, J. M. S., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2013). Allelopathic potential of the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae). Biochemistry and Biotechnoogy Reports, 2(2), 37-41. doi: 10.5433/2316-5200.2013v2n2p37
Morais, M. G., Costa, G. A. F., Aleixo, A. A., Oliveira, G. T., Alves, L. F., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., Ferreira, J. M. S., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2015). Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae). Natural Product Research, 29(5), 480-483. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.951930
Morais, M. G., Costa, G. A. F., Silva, I. C. A., Silva, A. G., Ribeiro, R. I. M. A., Ferreira, J. M. S., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., Pinto, F. C. H., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2017). Inhibiting the development of solid Ehrlich tumor by extract of the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum. In: H. R. Collins (Orgs.), Caffeic Acid, Potential Uses and Health Benefits (Cap. 3, pp. 83-96). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Morais, M. G., Saldanha, A. A., Mendes, I. C., Rodrigues, J. P. C., Souza, A. C. S., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2018). Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória via oral da fração diclorometânica dos frutos de Solanum lycocarpum. In: B. J. M. Sousa, B. C. Vasconcellos, J. M. Duarte-Almeida (Orgs.), Plantas Medicinais: Os Avanços das Pesquisas no Século XXI (Cap. 9, pp. 117-129). Divinópolis: Gulliver Editora Ltda.
Munari, C. C., Oliveira, P. F., Lima, I. M. S., Martins, S. P. L., Costa, J. C., Bastos, J. K., & Tavares, D. C. (2012). Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glicoalkaloid extract in V79 cells. Food and Chemistry Toxicology, 50(10), 3696-3701. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.028
Oliveira, S. C. C., Gualtieri, S. C. J., Domíngues, F. A. M., Molinillo, J. M. G., & Montoya, R. V. (2012). Phytochemistry of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. -Hil. (Solanaceae) leaves and their application in allelopathy. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 26(3), 607-618. doi: 10.1590/S0102-33062012000300010
Pereira, T. M., Silva, V. C. B., Ribeiro Neto, J. A., Alves, S. N., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2014). Larvicidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of the green fruits of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) against the vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 47(5), 646-648. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0010-2014
Pinto, M. E. A., Silva, N. L., Siqueira, E. P., Santos, F. J. L., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2013) Allelopathic effect of fatty acid methyl esters from corn and sunflower oils. Biochemistry and Biotechnology Reports, 2(1), 44-48. doi: 10.5433/2316-5200.2013v2n1p44
Rice, E. L. (1984). Allelopathy. Orlando: Academic Press.
Sanchez-Moreiras, A. M., de la Peña, T. C., & Reigosa, M. J. (2018). The natural compound benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one selectively retards cell cycle in lettuce root meristems. Phytochemistry, 69(11), 2172-2179. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.014
Silva, N. L. A., Miranda, F. A. A., & Conceição, G. M. (2010). Triagem Fitoquímica de Plantas de Cerrado, da Área de Proteção Ambiental Municipal do Inhamum, Caxias, Maranhão. Scientia Plena, 6(2), 1-17. http://https://www.scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/22
Silva, V. C. B., Ribeiro Neto, J. A., Alves, S. N., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2015). Larvicidal activity of the oils, fatty acids, and methyl esters from ripe and unripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) against the vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 48(5), 610-613. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0049-2015
Silva, V. C. B., Amado, P. A., Siqueira, E. P., Alves, S. N., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2018). Antioxidant and allelopathic potential of oils, fatty acids, and methyl esters from fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae). In: I. S. Rocha (Orgs.), Solanaceae: Cultivation, Nutrition and Health (Cap. 4, pp. 79-94). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Silva, I. C. A., Fonseca, J. C., Coimbra, M. C., Duarte-Almeida, J. M., & Lima, L. A. R. S. (2019). Total phenol and total flavonoid content, antioxidant and allelopathic activities of extracts of the unripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum. Periódico Tchê Química, 16(31), 390-397. http://www.deboni.he.com.br/Periodico31.pdf
Soares, G. L. G., Scalon, V. R., Pereira, T. O., & Vieira, D. A. (2002). Potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas de algumas leguminosas arbóreas brasileiras. Floresta e Ambiente, 9, 119-126. http://https://www.floram.org/article/588e21ffe710ab87018b45e3
Tonelli, F. M. P., Siqueira, J. M., Maia, G. A. S., Soares, L. F., Silva, D. B., Carollo, C. A., & Sartori, A. L. B. (2014). Bioautography as a search tool to identify the allelopathic compounds in Virola sebifera. Allelopathy Journal, 33(2), 277-288. https://eurekamag.com/research/066/284/066284201.php
Willis, R. J. (2007). The History of Allelopathy. Netherlands: Springer.
Yamagushi, M. Q., Gusman, G. S., & Vestena, S. (2011). Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globules Labill. and of Casearia sylvestris Sw. on crops. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 32(4), 1361-1374. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2011
Published
2020-01-20
How to Cite
MENDES, Iara Cotta et al.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of phytotoxic activity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) ripe fruit.
Acta Brasiliensis, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 45-48, jan. 2020.
ISSN 2526-4338.
Available at: <http://revistas.ufcg.edu.br/ActaBra/index.php/actabra/article/view/232>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338232.
Section
Pharmacy
